विशेषण और संज्ञा + Preposition
क्रिया की तरह विशेषण और संज्ञा के साथ भी preposition तय होता है — afraid of, good at, reason for। इन्हें नियम से नहीं निकाला जा सकता, इसलिए 130 जोड़े यहाँ एक जगह दिए गए हैं।
विशेषण के साथ आने वाले नियत prepositions — अर्थ और उदाहरण
- absent ___from — से अनुपस्थितHe was absent from duty for two days.
- accustomed ___to — का आदीShe is accustomed to early mornings.
- addicted ___to — की लत होनाHe is addicted to his phone.
- afraid ___of — से डरनाThe child is afraid of the dark.
- angry ___ a personwith — किसी पर नाराजThe teacher was angry with the boys.
- angry ___ a thingat — किसी बात पर नाराजHe was angry at the delay.
- anxious ___about — को लेकर चिंतितHer parents are anxious about the result.
- ashamed ___of — पर शर्मिंदाHe is ashamed of his poor handwriting.
- aware ___of — से अवगतWe are aware of the new rule.
- bad ___at — में कमजोरI am bad at spelling.
- good ___at — में निपुणShe is good at drawing maps.
- based ___on — पर आधारितThe film is based on a village story.
- blind ___to — के प्रति अंधा, न देख पानाHe is blind to his own faults.
- bored ___with — से ऊबा हुआThe class was bored with the long notice.
- busy ___with — में व्यस्तFather is busy with the harvest.
- capable ___of — में समर्थShe is capable of doing better.
- careful ___about — के प्रति सावधानBe careful about your papers.
- certain ___of — के प्रति निश्चितHe is certain of his selection.
- clever ___at — में चतुरThe boy is clever at mental sums.
- confident ___of — का विश्वासShe is confident of winning.
- conscious ___of — के प्रति सचेतHe is conscious of his weak English.
- content ___with — से संतुष्टThey are content with a small house.
- cruel ___to — के प्रति क्रूरDo not be cruel to animals.
- curious ___about — के बारे में जिज्ञासुChildren are curious about everything.
- dependent ___on — पर आश्रितThe family is dependent on one income.
- devoted ___to — के प्रति समर्पितHe is devoted to his old parents.
- different ___from — से भिन्नThis year’s paper was different from last year’s.
- disappointed ___ a personwith — से निराशWe were disappointed with his reply.
- eager ___for — के लिए उत्सुकThe boys are eager for the match.
- eligible ___for — के योग्यOnly graduates are eligible for this post.
- envious ___of — से ईर्ष्या करने वालाHe is envious of his neighbour’s new tractor.
- equal ___to — के बराबरNo one here is equal to him in speed.
- faithful ___to — के प्रति वफ़ादारThe dog stayed faithful to its master.
- familiar ___with — से परिचितShe is familiar with this software.
- famous ___for — के लिए प्रसिद्धJaipur is famous for its old walls.
- fed up ___with — से तंगI am fed up with these excuses.
- fit ___for — के योग्यThis water is not fit for drinking.
- fond ___of — का शौकीनMy sister is fond of folk songs.
- free ___from — से मुक्तThe village is now free from that fear.
- full ___of — से भराThe pond is full of rainwater.
- grateful ___ a personto — के प्रति कृतज्ञI am grateful to my first teacher.
- guilty ___of — का दोषीHe was found guilty of the theft.
- ignorant ___of — से अनजानThey were ignorant of the last date.
- indifferent ___to — के प्रति उदासीनHe is indifferent to praise.
- inferior ___to — से घटियाThis cloth is inferior to that one.
- superior ___to — से बेहतरHer answer was superior to mine.
- interested ___in — में रुचि रखने वालाHe is interested in old coins.
- jealous ___of — से जलने वालाDo not be jealous of your friend.
- junior ___to — से कनिष्ठHe is junior to me by two years.
- senior ___to — से वरिष्ठShe is senior to him in service.
- keen ___on — का इच्छुकThe boys are keen on the trip.
- kind ___to — के प्रति दयालुBe kind to younger students.
- married ___to — से विवाहितHer sister is married to a teacher.
- obedient ___to — के प्रति आज्ञाकारीHe is obedient to his elders.
- polite ___to — के प्रति विनम्रAlways be polite to visitors.
- popular ___with — में लोकप्रियThis teacher is popular with the students.
- prior ___to — से पहलेPrior to this job, he taught in a school.
- proud ___of — पर गर्वWe are proud of our district team.
- proficient ___in — में दक्षShe is proficient in typing.
- ready ___for — के लिए तैयारThe hall is ready for the test.
- related ___to — से संबंधितThis question is related to the last chapter.
- relevant ___to — से प्रासंगिकYour point is not relevant to the topic.
- responsible ___for — के लिए उत्तरदायीThe clerk is responsible for these files.
- rich ___in — से भरपूरThis soil is rich in salt.
- satisfied ___with — से संतुष्टThe officer was satisfied with the report.
- short ___of — की कमी होनाWe are short of chairs today.
- sick ___of — से ऊब जानाHe is sick of waiting.
- similar ___to — के समानThis case is similar to the earlier one.
- sorry ___ a personfor — के लिए दुखीI feel sorry for the old man.
- successful ___in — में सफलHe was successful in his first attempt.
- suitable ___for — के उपयुक्तThis room is not suitable for a class.
- sure ___of — का निश्चितAre you sure of this answer?
- surprised ___at — पर आश्चर्यचकितWe were surprised at the low cut-off.
- suspicious ___of — पर संदेह करने वालाThe guard was suspicious of the parcel.
- tired ___of — से ऊबा हुआShe is tired of the same excuse.
- true ___to — के प्रति सच्चाHe remained true to his word.
- useful ___for — के लिए उपयोगीThis book is useful for beginners.
- weak ___in — में कमजोरHe is weak in grammar.
- worried ___about — को लेकर परेशानShe is worried about her younger brother.
- worthy ___of — के योग्यHis work is worthy of praise.
संज्ञा + Preposition (Noun collocations)
संज्ञाओं के साथ आने वाले preposition अक्सर उसी क्रिया या विशेषण से मिलते-जुलते होते हैं जिससे वह संज्ञा बनी है। जैसे depend on से dependence on बनता है, और confident of से confidence in। पर हर बार ऐसा नहीं होता, इसलिए कुछ जोड़े अलग से याद रखने पड़ते हैं। ध्यान देने योग्य दो बातें यहाँ हैं। पहली, ‘का कारण’ के लिए हमेशा cause of आता है, cause for नहीं; और ‘का हल’ के लिए solution to आता है, solution of नहीं। दूसरी, दो चीजों के बीच का अंतर हमेशा difference between लेता है, difference among नहीं, चाहे कितनी भी चीजें हों — अंतर हमेशा जोड़े में देखा जाता है।
संज्ञा के साथ आने वाले नियत prepositions — अर्थ और उदाहरण
- access ___to — तक पहुँचVillagers now have access to clean water.
- advantage ___over — पर बढ़तHis experience gives him an advantage over others.
- alternative ___to — का विकल्पThere is no alternative to hard work.
- answer ___to — का उत्तरI could not find the answer to question five.
- apology ___for — के लिए क्षमायाचनाHe sent an apology for his absence.
- attack ___on — पर हमलाThe article was an attack on his character.
- attitude ___towards — के प्रति रवैयाHer attitude towards juniors is very kind.
- belief ___in — में विश्वासHis belief in honesty never shook.
- candidate ___for — के लिए उम्मीदवारShe is a strong candidate for this seat.
- cause ___of — का कारणCareless wiring was the cause of the fire.
- claim ___to — पर दावाHe has no claim to this land.
- confidence ___in — में भरोसाThe team has full confidence in its captain.
- control ___over — पर नियंत्रणHe has no control over his temper.
- cure ___for — का इलाजThere is a simple cure for this cough.
- demand ___for — की माँगThe demand for tractors rose this year.
- difference ___between — के बीच अंतरNote the difference between these two forms.
- difficulty ___in — में कठिनाईHe has difficulty in reading small print.
- doubt ___about — के बारे में संदेहI have no doubt about his honesty.
- effect ___on — पर प्रभावThe new rule had no effect on admissions.
- exception ___to — का अपवादThis word is an exception to the rule.
- faith ___in — में आस्थाHe has great faith in his teacher.
- grievance ___against — के विरुद्ध शिकायतHe has an old grievance against the office.
- influence ___on — पर प्रभावHis father had a deep influence on him.
- insight ___into — की गहरी समझThe lecture gave us insight into the topic.
- interest ___in — में रुचिShe has an interest in old songs.
- invitation ___to — का निमंत्रणWe got an invitation to the wedding.
- key ___to — की कुंजीPractice is the key to speed.
- lack ___of — की कमीThe plan failed for lack of money.
- need ___for — की आवश्यकताThere is a need for more rooms.
- objection ___to — पर आपत्तिThe officer raised an objection to the form.
- opinion ___on — पर रायWhat is your opinion on this notice?
- pity ___for — के लिए दयाHe felt pity for the injured calf.
- preference ___for — के लिए वरीयताShe has a preference for morning classes.
- pride ___in — में गर्वHe takes pride in his work.
- proof ___of — का प्रमाणBring some proof of your age.
- reason ___for — का कारणGive one reason for this delay.
- reference ___to — का संदर्भHe made no reference to the earlier letter.
- remedy ___for — का उपायThere is no easy remedy for this problem.
- respect ___for — के प्रति सम्मानHe has great respect for his elders.
- responsibility ___for — की जिम्मेदारीShe took responsibility for the mistake.
- result ___of — का परिणामThis is the result of steady practice.
- rise ___in — में वृद्धिThere was a sharp rise in prices.
- solution ___to — का समाधानWe found a simple solution to the problem.
- sympathy ___for — के लिए सहानुभूतिHe showed sympathy for the poor family.
- taste ___for — का शौकHe has a taste for old poetry.
- thirst ___for — की प्यासHer thirst for learning never ended.
- trust ___in — में विश्वासPut your trust in steady effort.
- victory ___over — पर विजयTheir victory over the city team was a surprise.
- want ___of — का अभावThe crop died for want of water.
- witness ___to — का साक्षीHe was a witness to the whole quarrel.
इस भाग के अभ्यास प्रश्न
प्रश्न 1
Fill in the blank with the correct preposition: He is not capable ____ handling so much work.
- Afor
- Bto
- Cof
- Dwith
व्याख्या
capable के साथ हमेशा of आता है। साथ ही preposition के बाद क्रिया में -ing लगता है, इसलिए handling सही है।
प्रश्न 2
Choose the correct preposition: My elder sister is married ____ a bank clerk.
- Awith
- Bfrom
- Cby
- Dto
व्याख्या
विशेषण रूप married हमेशा to लेता है। हिंदी के ‘से विवाहित’ के कारण छात्र with लगा देते हैं, जो गलत है।
प्रश्न 3
Fill in the blank with the correct preposition: This shirt is quite different ____ the one I bought last year.
- Athan
- Bto
- Cfrom
- Dwith
व्याख्या
different के साथ नियत preposition from है। than केवल तुलनात्मक विशेषणों के साथ आता है, different के साथ नहीं।
प्रश्न 4
Fill in the blank with the correct preposition: The village is famous ____ its blue pottery.
- Afor
- Bof
- Cin
- Dwith
व्याख्या
किसी विशेषता के कारण प्रसिद्ध होने पर famous for आता है। famous of या famous in गलत रूप हैं।
प्रश्न 5
Fill in the blank with the correct preposition: There is no alternative ____ steady practice.
- Aof
- Bto
- Cfor
- Dwith
व्याख्या
alternative अपने साथ to लेता है। इसी तरह solution to, key to और answer to भी to ही लेते हैं।
प्रश्न 6
Choose the correct preposition: She has been absent ____ school since Monday.
- Ain
- Bfrom
- Cat
- Dof
व्याख्या
absent अपने साथ from लेता है। present के साथ at आता है, पर absent के साथ नहीं।
प्रश्न 7
Fill in the blank with the correct preposition: The farmers complained ____ the broken canal.
- Afor
- Bon
- Cabout
- Dof
व्याख्या
शिकायत करने के अर्थ में complain about आता है; व्यक्ति से शिकायत करनी हो तो complain to somebody।