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REET Level 2 · Social Studies

Child Rights — REET Notes (Social Studies)

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For REET aspirants training to become teachers, child rights isn't just an exam topic — it's directly tied to everyday classroom conduct. REET asks direct questions on this topic about which Fundamental Right child protection falls under and the constitutional articles connected to it.

  • 2 questions in REET 2024
  • Class 6-8 level
  • 10 min read
Verified 17 September 2026 · Source: Constitution of India — Parts III and IV (Articles 23, 24, 21A, 39, 51A)

How REET asks this topic

Both REET 2024 questions were nearly identical — both asked which Fundamental Right gives the greatest importance to 'child protection and child rights', and according to the official answer key, the correct answer is the 'Right against Exploitation' (Articles 23-24), since Article 24 directly deals with the prohibition of child labour. In other words, REET usually links child rights to the Fundamental Rights section of the Constitution, so remember the connected article precisely.

Constitutional Provisions Related to Child Rights

Article 24
Prohibits employing children under 14 years of age in factories, mines or other hazardous work — part of the Right against Exploitation.
Article 23
Prohibits human trafficking and forced labour (begar), which also prevents trafficking of children and bonded child labour.
Article 21A
The fundamental right to free and compulsory education for children aged 6–14 (added by the 86th Amendment, 2002).
Article 15(3)
Allows the state to make special provisions for children (and women).
Article 39(e), (f)
Directive Principles of State Policy directing the state to protect children from exploitation and give them opportunities to develop in a healthy environment.
Article 51A(k)
A Fundamental Duty — it is the duty of a parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to their child between 6 and 14 years of age (added by the 86th Amendment).

Key Laws Related to Child Protection

LawYearMain objective
Right to Education Act (RTE)2009 (in force 2010)Free and compulsory education for children aged 6–14
Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act1986, amended 2016Bans children under 14 from all work, bans adolescents aged 14–18 from hazardous work
Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act (POCSO)2012Protects children from sexual abuse and exploitation, with a child-friendly judicial process
Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act2015Rehabilitation of juvenile offenders, adoption process, special hearing for serious offences by 16–18 year-olds

RTE, POCSO and the Juvenile Justice Act can appear as similar-looking options in REET, so keep their years and objectives clearly distinct.

The Child Rights Commission and International Commitments

Under the 'Commission for Protection of Child Rights Act, 2005', the National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR) was established in 2007, which monitors the implementation of child-related laws and policies. State Commissions for Protection of Child Rights have also been set up at the state level.

India ratified the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989 in 1992, after which the process of aligning India's child-focused laws and policies with international standards accelerated.

Directive Principles of State Policy and Child Welfare

Part IV of the Constitution (Directive Principles of State Policy) also gives child welfare special standing. Article 45 originally directed the state to provide free and compulsory education to all children up to 14 years; after the 86th Amendment, Article 45 now directs the state to ensure Early Childhood Care and Education for children below 6 years, since education for the 6–14 age group is now a fundamental right (Article 21A).

Article 39(e) directs the state to ensure that the age and strength of children are not abused, and Article 39(f) speaks of giving children opportunities and facilities to develop in a healthy manner, in freedom and dignity, and emphasises protecting childhood and youth against exploitation and moral and material abandonment. These directive principles are not directly enforceable in court, but they still set the direction for policy-making.

State-Level Institutions for Child Welfare

State Commission for Protection of Child Rights
Set up in every state under the provisions of the 'Commission for Protection of Child Rights Act, 2005', to monitor the implementation of child rights at the state level.
Child Welfare Committee (CWC)
Set up in every district under the Juvenile Justice Act, it hears cases involving children in need of care and protection.
Juvenile Justice Board (JJB)
A special board set up in every district to hear cases of juveniles (under 18) in conflict with the law.

How to teach this to children

Classroom activity (Class 6-8)

Have children discuss what rights they should have at school and at home (like time to play, a safe environment) — then link these to RTE and the constitutional provisions.

Teaching aid

Make a 'child rights wheel' poster showing four main right-areas — education, protection, participation, and health.

Common misconception

Children and parents often think child labour is banned only in 'hazardous work' — whereas after the 2016 amendment, employing children under 14 in any commercial work is prohibited, except in the limited case of a family enterprise.

Assessment idea

Have children make a small poster or slogan on the theme 'Every Child's Right', expressing the right to education, safety and respect in their own words — this assesses their practical grasp of the topic.

Trick to remember / exam tip

Whenever a question asks 'which Fundamental Right is child protection linked to', pick 'Right against Exploitation (Articles 23-24)' directly — REET 2024 asked this twice in nearly identical wording, so this link is the most-repeated fact.

REET 2024 Questions (with solutions)

Question 145

The Fundamental Right in which ‘Child Protection and Child Rights’ are given the most importance, is

  1. Aसमानता का अधिकार
  2. Bशोषण के विरुद्ध अधिकार
  3. Cधार्मिक स्वतन्त्रता का अधिकार
  4. Dसांस्कृतिक और शैक्षिक अधिकार

Explanation

शोषण के विरुद्ध अधिकार (अनुच्छेद 23-24) में मानव तस्करी और बेगार का निषेध (अनु. 23) तथा 14 वर्ष से कम आयु के बच्चों को कारखानों, खानों या खतरनाक कार्यों में लगाने का निषेध (अनु. 24) है। इस प्रकार बाल संरक्षण को सबसे अधिक महत्व इसी मौलिक अधिकार में दिया गया है। उत्तर कुंजी के अनुसार सही उत्तर (B) है।

Question 134

Which of the following Fundamental Rights fullfills ‘Child Protection and Child Rights’ ?

  1. Aशोषण के विरुद्ध अधिकार
  2. Bसमता का अधिकार
  3. Cधार्मिक स्वतंत्रता का अधिकार
  4. Dसांस्कृतिक और शैक्षिक अधिकार

Explanation

शोषण के विरुद्ध अधिकार (अनुच्छेद 23–24) बाल संरक्षण से सीधे जुड़ा है। अनुच्छेद 24 के अनुसार 14 वर्ष से कम आयु के बच्चों को कारखानों, खानों या अन्य खतरनाक कार्यों में नियोजित नहीं किया जा सकता, तथा अनुच्छेद 23 मानव दुर्व्यापार और बेगार पर रोक लगाता है। इसलिए ‘बाल संरक्षण एवं बाल अधिकार’ की पूर्ति मुख्यतः इसी मौलिक अधिकार से होती है।

Practice Questions

Question 1

According to the official REET 2024 answer key, 'child protection and child rights' is given the greatest importance under which fundamental right?

  1. Aसमानता का अधिकार
  2. Bशोषण के विरुद्ध अधिकार
  3. Cधार्मिक स्वतंत्रता का अधिकार
  4. Dसांस्कृतिक व शैक्षिक अधिकार

Explanation

The Right against Exploitation (Articles 23-24) includes the prohibition of child labour (Article 24) and the prohibition of human trafficking (Article 23), which is why child protection is given the greatest importance under this right.

Question 2

Which Article prohibits employing children below 14 years of age in hazardous work?

  1. Aअनुच्छेद 21A
  2. Bअनुच्छेद 23
  3. Cअनुच्छेद 24
  4. Dअनुच्छेद 39

Explanation

Under Article 24, children below 14 years of age cannot be employed in factories, mines, or other hazardous work.

Question 3

From when did the Right to Education (RTE) Act come into effect?

  1. A1 अप्रैल 2009
  2. B1 अप्रैल 2010
  3. C26 जनवरी 2010
  4. D2 अक्टूबर 2009

Explanation

The Right to Education Act was passed by Parliament in 2009, but it came into effect across the country from 1 April 2010.

Question 4

Which special law protects children from sexual abuse and harassment?

  1. ARTE Act, 2009
  2. BPOCSO Act, 2012
  3. Cकिशोर न्याय अधिनियम, 2015
  4. Dबाल श्रम अधिनियम, 1986

Explanation

The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act (POCSO), 2012 is specifically designed to protect children from sexual abuse and exploitation, and to ensure a child-friendly judicial process.

Question 5

In which year was the National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR) established?

  1. A2002
  2. B2005
  3. C2007
  4. D2009

Explanation

The National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR) was established in 2007 under the provisions of the 'Commission for Protection of Child Rights Act, 2005'.

Question 6

According to the Juvenile Justice Act, 2015, juveniles of which age group can be tried as adults for a heinous offence after a special assessment?

  1. A10-14 वर्ष
  2. B12-16 वर्ष
  3. C16-18 वर्ष
  4. D18-21 वर्ष

Explanation

Under the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015, a juvenile aged 16–18 who commits a serious (heinous) offence can, after assessment by the Juvenile Justice Board, be tried as an adult.

Question 7

According to the Fundamental Duties of the Constitution (Article 51A), it is the duty of parents or guardians to provide a child aged 6-14 years with what?

  1. Aसंपत्ति
  2. Bशिक्षा के अवसर
  3. Cरोज़गार
  4. Dमताधिकार

Explanation

Under Article 51A(k), it is the fundamental duty of every parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to their child between the ages of 6 and 14. This fundamental duty was added by the 86th Constitutional Amendment.

Question 8

In which year did India ratify the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child?

  1. A1989
  2. B1990
  3. C1992
  4. D2005

Explanation

The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child was adopted in 1989, while India ratified it in 1992.

Question 9

As a teacher, what is the most suitable way to develop understanding of child rights in class?

  1. Aकेवल कानूनों की सूची रटवाना
  2. Bबच्चों से स्कूल व घर में उनके अधिकारों पर खुली चर्चा करवाना
  3. Cविषय को परीक्षा तक सीमित रखना
  4. Dबच्चों को इस विषय पर चर्चा से रोकना

Explanation

Holding open discussions with children about their rights at school and at home, and then connecting these to the relevant rights and laws, builds a practical and lasting understanding of the topic — not simply memorising a list of laws.

Question 10

According to the Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act after the 2016 amendment, in which kinds of work is it prohibited to engage children below 14 years of age?

  1. Aकेवल खतरनाक कार्यों में
  2. Bकेवल कारखानों में
  3. Cपारिवारिक उद्यम की सीमित छूट को छोड़कर लगभग सभी व्यावसायिक कार्यों में
  4. Dकेवल खानों में

Explanation

After the 2016 amendment, the Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act prohibits employing children under 14 in almost all commercial work, except for a limited exemption to help in a family enterprise after school hours — not just 'hazardous' work.

Frequently Asked Questions

How many REET questions come from Child Rights?+

REET 2024 had 2 questions from this topic, both centred on linking child protection to a Fundamental Right. It's a cross-cutting topic that draws on both the Fundamental Rights and child-welfare sections.

Which Fundamental Right does child protection fall under?+

According to the official answer key, child protection is given the greatest importance under the 'Right against Exploitation' (Articles 23-24), since Article 24 directly deals with the prohibition of child labour.

When did the POCSO Act come into force?+

The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act (POCSO) came into force in 2012, a special law that protects children from sexual abuse.

When was the National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR) established?+

The NCPCR was established in 2007 under the 'Commission for Protection of Child Rights Act, 2005'.

What new provision did the Juvenile Justice Act, 2015 add?+

The 2015 Act added a provision that after special assessment, juveniles aged 16-18 who commit serious (heinous) offences can be tried as adults.

What changed with the 2016 amendment to the Child Labour Act?+

Before the 2016 amendment, the Child Labour Act only banned child labour in 'hazardous' industries. After the amendment, employing children under 14 in any commercial work is fully prohibited (with a limited exemption for family enterprises), and a list of hazardous occupations was also defined for adolescents aged 14-18.

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Official Sources

  1. Constitution of India — Parts III and IV (Articles 23, 24, 21A, 39, 51A)
  2. National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR)
  3. Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015 — overview

Change Log

  • 17 September 2026 — English page published — mirrors the fact-checked Hindi page, independently bilingual-accuracy checked