Paryayvachi Shabd (पर्यायवाची शब्द, Synonyms)
पर्यायवाची (Paryayvachi) (synonym) words carry the same, or nearly the same, meaning. REET regularly asks you to pick the correct synonym for a word from a passage, or to spot the right synonym-set among several options, so understanding fine shades of meaning matters as much as memorising lists.
- 4 questions in REET 2024
- Class 6-8 depth
- 8 min read
How REET asks this
Three of the four REET 2024 questions were of the ‘which option has words that are ALL synonyms of X’ type (वस्त्र (vastra)/clothes, जंगल (jangal)/forest, इंसान (insaan)/human), where each option deliberately mixed in one or two words with a different meaning to catch anyone relying on rote memory alone. The fourth question was passage-based, asking for the contextual meaning of a word (‘प्रमाण (pramaan)’) inside a paragraph. In other words, along with memorising word lists, you also need the skill of filtering out similar-sounding but differently-meaning words.
What are synonyms (पर्यायवाची (paryayvachi) shabd)?
Words that carry the same or nearly the same meaning are called पर्यायवाची (paryayvachi) or समानार्थी (samanarthi) (synonym) words — for example, the synonyms of ‘जल (jal)’ (water) are पानी (paani), नीर (neer), सलिल (salil), वारि (vaari). Because so much of Hindi is rooted in Sanskrit, a single object often has several synonyms, especially words tied to nature (water, air, fire), body parts, and common nouns (human, woman, king).
Keep in mind that words with a truly identical meaning are rare — most synonym pairs carry a slight shade of difference in meaning (nuance), so the right word should really be chosen by looking at the context of the sentence. For instance, both ‘गृह (grih)’ and ‘सदन (sadan)’ are synonyms of ‘घर (ghar)’ (house), but ‘सदन (sadan)’ tends to be used in more formal contexts (like Rashtrapati सदन (Sadan), the President’s residence).
You should also keep gender and number in mind when choosing a synonym — words with the same meaning are sometimes of a different grammatical gender and can’t simply replace each other in a sentence. For example, the synonyms of ‘स्त्री (stree)’ (woman) — नारी (naari), महिला (mahila), वनिता (vanita) — are all feminine, so the verb and adjective forms in the sentence also stay feminine. Similarly, some synonyms feel natural only in the singular or only in the plural. REET questions don’t directly test gender-number, but this understanding indirectly helps in sentence-usage-based questions.
Also remember that synonyms are mostly तत्सम (tatsam) (Sanskrit-derived) words, though some तद्भव (tadbhav) (evolved) words appear in these lists too; and since REET’s syllabus stays within standard Hindi-Sanskrit vocabulary, synonyms of English-origin words are never asked. The biggest mistake in preparation is memorising words mechanically without understanding context, which leaves you easily confused by options that contain similar-looking but differently-meaning words.
Even when a word has many synonyms, how often each one is actually used varies — for example, ‘पानी (paani)’ is far more common in everyday speech than ‘जल (jal)’, while words like ‘सलिल (salil)’ and ‘वारि (vaari)’ mostly appear in literary or poetic language. Understanding this distinction is useful while preparing, because passage-based questions usually expect the more commonly used word as the correct answer.
Synonym-groups repeated often in REET
| Word | Synonyms | Similar-looking but wrong options |
|---|---|---|
| वस्त्र (vastra) (clothes) | पट (pat), चीर (cheer), अंबर (ambar), वसन (vasan), परिधान (paridhan) | अंबु (ambu) (water), पुष्कर (pushkar) (lotus), करवाल (karvaal) (sword) |
| जंगल (jangal) (forest) | अरण्य (aranya), कानन (kaanan), कांतार (kaantaar), विपिन (vipin), अटवी (atavi), वन (van) | विटप (vitap), द्रुम (drum), पादप (paadap) (these are synonyms of ‘वृक्ष (vriksha)’ — tree) |
| इंसान (insaan)/मनुष्य (manushya) (human) | मानव (maanav), मनुज (manuj), मानुष (maanush), नर (nar) | अनिल (anil) (wind), महीप (maheep) (king), मीत (meet) (friend), मारुत (maarut) (wind) |
| वृक्ष (vriksha) (tree) | तरु (taru), द्रुम (drum), विटप (vitap), पादप (paadap) | कानन (kaanan) (forest), पुष्कर (pushkar) (lotus/pond) |
| सूर्य (surya) (sun) | रवि (ravi), भानु (bhaanu), दिनकर (dinkar), सूरज (sooraj), आदित्य (aadity) | निशाकर (nishaakar), विधु (vidhu) (these are synonyms of ‘चंद्रमा (chandrama)’ — moon) |
| पर्वत (parvat) (mountain) | गिरि (giri), शैल (shail), अचल (achal), पहाड़ (pahaad) | सरिता (sarita), तटिनी (tatini) (these are synonyms of ‘नदी (nadi)’ — river) |
| जल (jal) (water) | पानी (paani), नीर (neer), सलिल (salil), वारि (vaari), तोय (toy) | अंबर (ambar) (sky), अनल (anal) (fire) — neither is a synonym of water |
| राजा (raja) (king) | नृप (nrip), महीप (maheep), भूपति (bhoopati), नरेश (naresh) | प्रजा (praja), मंत्री (mantri) (related to a king but a different role, not synonyms) |
REET often slips in a word that is actually a synonym of a different word — like putting synonyms of ‘वृक्ष (vriksha)’ (tree) into the options for ‘जंगल (jangal)’ (forest).
Strategy for identifying word meanings in a passage
When a passage asks for the meaning of a word (like ‘प्रमाण (pramaan)’), read it within the full sentence’s context rather than recalling the word in isolation. In REET 2024, in the line ‘प्रचुरता (prachurta) ka प्रमाण (pramaan)’ (proof of abundance), ‘प्रमाण (pramaan)’ meant ‘proof/evidence’, while similar-looking words like ‘प्रमाद (pramaad)’ (carelessness) and ‘प्रमत्त (pramatt)’ (intoxicated) were placed there to cause confusion. In such questions, go by the correct meaning in context, not by phonetic similarity.
There is also an interesting reason behind why synonyms exist at all — in Sanskrit, the same object was often given different names based on its different qualities. For example, the sun is called ‘दिनकर (dinkar)’ (the one who makes the day), ‘भानु (bhaanu)’ (the one who shines) and ‘आदित्य (aaditya)’ (son of Aditi) — each synonym is tied to some quality or mythological reference. If you understand this background instead of just rote-learning words for an exam like REET, even an unfamiliar word becomes easier to identify by its meaning.
How to teach this to children
Activity
Write a word on the board and let the whole class take turns calling out as many synonyms as they know (a word-chain game) — this naturally builds vocabulary.
Teaching material
Putting up topic-wise synonym charts (water, tree, mountain, woman, king, etc.) on the classroom wall works well for Classes 6-8.
Common misconception
Children often mix up phonetically similar words (like synonyms of तरु (taru)-वृक्ष (vriksha) with synonyms of अरण्य (aranya)-जंगल (jangal)) because both are tied to nature — this is the most common mistake.
Assessment
Ask students to write two synonyms each for 5 common words (water, king, woman, sun, mountain), and give a short passage to test context-based meaning.
Memory trick / exam tip
When an option asks you to pick the ‘correct group’ where all words must match, eliminate each word one at a time — if even one word in the group turns out to be a synonym of something else (like विटप (vitap) = tree, not forest), the whole option is wrong. One wrong word disqualifies the entire option.
Questions asked in REET 2024 (solved)
Question 51
In which of the following groups are all the words synonyms (पर्यायवाची) of 'वस्त्र' (cloth)?
- Aअंशुक, मयूख, पोशाक, अहन्
- Bपट, चीर, अंबर, वसन
- Cअंबु, परिधान, पुष्कर, करवाल
- Dकपड़ा, कोविद, विभव, लिबास
Explanation
‘पट, चीर, अंबर, वसन’ — ये सभी ‘वस्त्र’ के पर्यायवाची हैं। (A) में ‘मयूख’ (किरण) और ‘अहन्’ (दिन), (C) में ‘अंबु’ (जल), ‘पुष्कर’ (कमल/तालाब) व ‘करवाल’ (तलवार), तथा (D) में ‘कोविद’ (विद्वान) व ‘विभव’ (धन/ऐश्वर्य) वस्त्र के पर्यायवाची नहीं हैं।
Question 39
In which option are all the words synonyms (पर्यायवाची) of 'जंगल' (forest)?
- Aविटप, द्रुम, पादप
- Bअरण्य, तरु, कानन
- Cकांतार, विपिन, अटवी
- Dग्रह, दाव, वन
Explanation
कांतार, विपिन और अटवी — तीनों ‘जंगल/वन’ के पर्यायवाची हैं। विकल्प (A) के विटप, द्रुम, पादप ‘वृक्ष’ के पर्यायवाची हैं; विकल्प (B) में ‘तरु’ वृक्ष का पर्याय है; विकल्प (D) में ‘ग्रह’ जंगल का पर्याय नहीं है।
Question 45
The appropriate meaning of the word 'प्रमाण' is –
- Aप्रमाद
- Bसबूत
- Cप्रमत्त
- Dसमूल
Explanation
गद्यांश में ‘प्रचुरता का प्रमाण’ में ‘प्रमाण’ का अर्थ ‘सबूत’ है। ‘प्रमाद’ का अर्थ असावधानी, ‘प्रमत्त’ का अर्थ मतवाला/असावधान तथा ‘समूल’ का अर्थ जड़ सहित है।
Question 31
In which option are all the words synonyms of 'इंसान' (human/person)?
- Aकैवर्त, प्राणी, अनिल
- Bमानस, महीप, मीत
- Cमानव, मनुज, मानुष
- Dमारुत, उपल, जीव
Explanation
‘इंसान’ का अर्थ मनुष्य है; इसके पर्यायवाची मानव, मनुज, मानुष, मनुष्य, नर आदि हैं। विकल्प (C) के तीनों शब्द इसी अर्थ के हैं। अन्य विकल्पों में अनिल (हवा), महीप (राजा), मीत (मित्र), मारुत (पवन), उपल (पत्थर/ओला), कैवर्त (मल्लाह) जैसे शब्द ‘इंसान’ के पर्यायवाची नहीं हैं।
Practice questions
Question 1
Which of the following is not a paryayvachi (synonym) of the word 'सूर्य'?
- Aरवि
- Bभानु
- Cदिनकर
- Dनिशाकर
Explanation
रवि (Ravi), भानु (bhaanu) and दिनकर (dinkar) are all synonyms of सूर्य (surya) (sun). ‘निशाकर (Nishaakar)’ means ‘the one that makes the night’, i.e. the moon, so it is not a synonym of sun.
Question 2
In which option are all the words synonyms (paryayvachi) of 'पर्वत'?
- Aगिरि, शैल, अचल
- Bसरिता, तटिनी, कूल
- Cअंबर, गगन, नभ
- Dपयोधि, सागर, उदधि
Explanation
गिरि (Giri), शैल (shail) and अचल (achal) are all synonyms of पर्वत (parvat) (mountain). सरिता (Sarita)-तटिनी (tatini) are synonyms of नदी (nadi) (river), अंबर (ambar)-गगन (gagan)-नभ (nabh) are synonyms of आकाश (aakash) (sky), and पयोधि (payodhi)-सागर (sagar) are synonyms of समुद्र (samudra) (sea/ocean).
Question 3
A synonym (paryayvachi) of the word 'राजा' is
- Aनृप
- Bप्रजा
- Cसेवक
- Dमंत्री
Explanation
‘नृप (Nrip)’ (नर (nar) + p = protector of people) is a synonym of राजा (raja) (king), just like महीप (maheep), भूपति (bhoopati) and नरेश (naresh). प्रजा (Praja) (subjects), सेवक (sevak) (servant) and मंत्री (mantri) (minister) are words related to a king but carry different meanings.
Question 4
The correct group of synonyms (paryayvachi) for 'स्त्री' is
- Aनारी, महिला, वनिता
- Bकन्या, बाला, शिशु
- Cसखी, सहेली, मित्र
- Dजननी, माता, पुत्री
Explanation
नारी (Naari), महिला (mahila) and वनिता (vanita) are the general synonyms of स्त्री (stree) (woman). The other options contain relationship-specific words like कन्या (kanya)-बाला (bala) (girl) or जननी (janani)-माता (mata) (mother), not general synonyms of ‘woman’.
Question 5
In the passage 'उसने अपनी बात का समर्थन किया', the closest synonym of 'समर्थन' is
- Aविरोध
- Bपुष्टि/पक्ष लेना
- Cआलोचना
- Dउपेक्षा
Explanation
‘समर्थन (Samarthan)’ means standing in favour of something or confirming it. विरोध (Virodh) (opposition) and आलोचना (aalochana) (criticism) give the opposite sense, so they don’t fit.
Question 6
Which of the following is not a synonym (paryayvachi) of 'अग्नि'?
- Aपावक
- Bअनल
- Cवह्नि
- Dअंबु
Explanation
पावक (Pavak), अनल (anal) and वह्नि (vahni) are all synonyms of अग्नि (agni) (fire). ‘अंबु (Ambu)’ means water, which is not a synonym of fire.
Question 7
Included among the synonyms (paryayvachi) of 'कमल' is
- Aपंकज, जलज, अंबुज
- Bतरु, विटप, द्रुम
- Cगिरि, शैल, अचल
- Dरजनी, निशा, यामिनी
Explanation
पंकज (Pankaj) (born in mud), जलज (jalaj) and अंबुज (ambuj) (born in water) are all synonyms of कमल (kamal) (lotus). तरु (Taru)-विटप (vitap)-द्रुम (drum) are synonyms of वृक्ष (vriksha) (tree), and रजनी (rajani)-निशा (nisha)-यामिनी (yaamini) are synonyms of रात (raat) (night).
Question 8
Since synonyms (paryayvachi) have subtle differences in meaning, the most suitable statement is
- Aसभी पर्यायवाची हर वाक्य में एक-दूसरे की जगह बेरोकटोक रखे जा सकते हैं
- Bपर्यायवाची शब्द चुनते समय वाक्य का प्रसंग देखना जरूरी है
- Cपर्यायवाची शब्दों का प्रसंग से कोई संबंध नहीं होता
- Dपर्यायवाची शब्द केवल कविता में प्रयोग होते हैं
Explanation
Most synonyms carry a slight nuance of difference in meaning, so it isn’t appropriate to substitute them for each other everywhere — the right word should be chosen based on the context of the sentence.
Question 9
A synonym (paryayvachi) of the word 'समुद्र' is
- Aसरिता
- Bसागर
- Cसरोवर
- Dनिर्झर
Explanation
‘सागर (Sagar)’ is a synonym of समुद्र (samudra) (ocean), along with पयोधि (payodhi), उदधि (udadhi) and वारिधि (vaaridhi). सरिता (Sarita) (river), सरोवर (sarovar) (lake/pond) and निर्झर (nirjhar) (waterfall) name different water bodies altogether.
Question 10
The most suitable classroom activity for a teacher while teaching synonyms (paryayvachi) is
- Aबिना उदाहरण दिए सूची रटवाना
- Bविषयवार शब्द-समूह बनाकर हर शब्द को वाक्य में प्रयोग कराना
- Cकेवल परीक्षा से एक दिन पहले याद करवाना
- Dपर्यायवाची शब्दों को पढ़ाना छोड़ देना
Explanation
Synonyms are remembered permanently only when children learn them in topic-wise groups and use each word in a sentence to see the context; simply memorising a list is quickly forgotten.
Frequently asked questions
What are पर्यायवाची (paryayvachi) (synonym) words?+
Words that carry the same or nearly the same meaning are called पर्यायवाची (paryayvachi) or समानार्थी (samanarthi) words, such as the synonyms of जल (jal) (water) — पानी (paani), नीर (neer), सलिल (salil).
How many REET questions come from synonyms?+
REET 2024 had 4 questions from this topic, mostly of the ‘pick the correct synonym group’ type. It remains a regular, scoring topic in Bhasha-I/II every year.
What is the difference between पर्यायवाची (paryayvachi) and समानार्थी (samanarthi) words?+
In practice both terms are used for the same idea — words whose meaning is nearly identical.
What is the best way to memorise synonyms?+
Instead of memorising isolated words, build topic-wise groups (water, tree, woman, king) and use each word in a sentence — this also clarifies the shade of difference in context.
Does gender matter when choosing a synonym?+
Yes, most synonyms share the same gender as the original word, so the verb and adjective forms in the sentence should also change accordingly when you use them.
Read next
Change Log
- 17 September 2026 — English page published — mirrors the fact-checked Hindi page, independently bilingual-accuracy checked